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| title_leader = ''Reichskommissar'' | leader1 = Hinrich Lohse | year_leader1 = 1941–1944 | leader2 = Erich Koch | year_leader2 = 1944–1945 | era = World War II | event_start = Führer Decree | date_start = 25 July | year_start = 1941 | event_end = Formal surrender of Courland Pocket | date_end = 8 May | year_end = 1945 | stat_year1 = | stat_area1 = 512000 | stat_pop1 = 19200000 | currency = ''Reichskreditkaschenscheine'' (''de facto'') |today = }} Nazi Germany established the ''Reichskommissariat Ostland'' (RKO) in 1941 as the civilian occupation regime in the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), the northeastern part of Poland and the west part of the Belarusian SSR during World War II. It was also known initially as ''Reichskommissariat Baltenland'' ("Baltic Land"). The political organization for this territory—after an initial period of military administration before its establishment—was that of a German civilian administration, nominally under the authority of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories ((ドイツ語:Reichsministerium für die besetzten Ostgebiete)) led by Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg, but actually controlled by the Nazi official Hinrich Lohse, its appointed Reichskommissar. Germany's main political objectives for the Reichskommissariat, as laid out by the Ministry within the framework of National Socialist policies for the east established by Adolf Hitler, included: * the complete annihilation of the Jewish population * the settlement of ethnic Germans along with the expulsion of some of the native population and the Germanization of the rest These policies applied not only in the Reichskommissariat Ostland but also in German-occupied Soviet territories. Through the use of ''Einsatzgruppen'' A and B over a million Jews were killed in the Reichskommissariat Ostland. The Germanization policies, built on the foundations of the Generalplan Ost, would later be carried through by a series of special edicts and guiding principles for the general settlement plans for the Ostland.〔Czeslaw Madajczyk (Hrsg.): Vom Generalplan Ost zum Generalsiedlungsplan. Saur, München 1994, S. XI. 〕 Throughout 1943 and 1944 the Red Army gradually recaptured most of the territory in their advance on Germany, but Wehrmacht forces held out in the Courland pocket. With the end of the war in Europe and the defeat of Germany in 1945, the Reichskommissariat ceased to exist completely. Ostland should not be confused with Ober Ost, which had a similar role as an occupation authority for Baltic territories conquered by the German Empire in World War I. == History == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reichskommissariat Ostland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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